bread的单复数形式

关于“There be”句型详解
“There be”句型是英语学习者在初学阶段就会接触到的重要语法内容,其基本结构表示某处存在某物或某人,形式为“There be+某物/某人+地点”。其中be动词的形式需要根据主语而变化,单数就用is,复数就用are。
一、基本句型结构
1. 存在单数可数名词的地点:There is a/an+单数可数名词+地点状语。例如:There is a ruler on the desk.(书桌上有一把尺子。)
2. 存在复数可数名词或不可数名词的地点:There are+复数可数名词或不可数名词+地点状语。例如:There are some flowers in the park.(公园里有许多花。)或者There is some water in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些水。)
二、就近原则
在“There be”句型中,当几个名词并列作主语时,be动词的形式由距离其最近的名词决定。例如:
There is a pen, two books and some pencils on the desk.(课桌上有一支钢笔,两本书和一些铅笔。)由于离be动词最近的是a pen,因此be动词用单数is。而如果是“There are two books, a pen and some pencils on the desk.”(课上有两本书,一支钢笔和一些铅笔。)则因为离be动词最近的是two books,所以be动词用复数形式are。
三、疑问句及回答
(一)一般疑问句
将be动词调整到句首,然后根据情况在句尾加上问号即可。当肯定句中有some时,要改为any。例如:火星上有水吗?可以表达为“Is there any water on the Mars?”。水里是否有鱼?则可以表达为“Are there any fish in the water?”。对于这样的疑问句,肯定回答为“Yes, there is/are”,否定回答为“No, there isn’t/aren’t”。
(二)特殊疑问句
对主语提问时用“What”或“Who”,无论主语是单数还是复数,提问时be动词一般用单数形式。对地点状语或数量提问则需要用到特定的疑问词和句式。例如:“What’s over there?”表示“那边是什么?”或者“Who is in the room?”表示“房间里是谁?”如果要询问数量,可以说“How many...”或者“How much...”。例如,“How many chairs are there in the classroom?”表示教室里有几把椅子?
四、否定形式
There will be a soccer game next Saturday. Would you like to come and watch it?
There is a teacher along with thirty students in the classroom.
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.There is a book and three pencils on the desk.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
答案:B。因为句子中的主语是“一本……书和三支铅笔”,应该使用单数形式的be动词is。
2.Is there a new bike in front of our classroom?
A. Is B. Are C. Do D. Does 答案:A。句意表示教室里是否有一辆新自行车,所以用there be句型,主语是单数形式,所以选择is。其他选项不符合语法规则。
3.There are not any books on your desk. What will you do? You could borrow books from others or buy some new ones. There are no books on your desk now, so you need to find some books to read or buy some new ones.答案:暂无书籍在您的桌子上,您可以向别人借书或购买新书来阅读。因此答案为A选项,表示没有书。其他选项不符合语境。
4.How many apples are there on the table? There are four of them.答案:B。问题询问的是桌子上有多少苹果,需要用复数形式的How many来提问,而回答中使用了复数形式的four来表示有四个苹果。因此正确答案为B。其他选项不符合语法和语境要求。
